27 August Explore the Zero Sum Game of FX Gains & Losses August 27, 2018By FX Initiative FX Transaction Simulator, Hedging FX Transactions Accounting, Apple, Balance Sheet, Best Practice, Continuing Professional Education, Controller, CPE, Credit, CUrrency, Derivatives, Earnings, Economics, Forward Contract, FX, Gains, Hedge, Income Statement, Losses, Management, Risk, Traning, Treasurer, Zero Sum Game, Foreign Exchange 0 Hedging foreign exchange risk can be viewed as a zero sum game, meaning that when one side of the hedge gains the other side loses. The degree by which those gains and losses do or do not perfectly offset depends on the derivative instrument, hedge coverage level, and strategy used. The FX hedge game isn't about winning or losing, it's about making the outcome more certain. Balance sheet hedging is the most common practice among multinational corporations, and the goal is often to reduce foreign exchange gains and losses on the income statement to zero. The most effective way to largely achieve this goal is to hedge using a forward contract, which has a symmetrical payoff profile relative to the spot exchange rate, and to hedge 100% of the underlying exposure. However, even under this perfect scenario, there will still be residual FX gains and losses reported in earnings. When companies hedge near 100% of their balance sheet exposures using forward contracts, controllers and treasurers often wonder why they are never able to achieve that zero sum outcome entirely. This is due to the forward point component of the forward rate on the derivative contract, and the fact that forward contracts are revalued based on forward rates compared to the underlying spot exposure, which is revalued based on spot exchange rates. As a result, there will almost always be a difference in the "mark-to-market" accounting of a forward contract hedge and an underlying spot exposure. The only time this would not be the case is if interest rates were exactly equal for the countries or regions associated with the two currencies in the pair, which is highly uncommon. This is a typical area of frustration global corporations struggle with, and it highlights that understanding the accounting for underlying exposures and derivatives can clarify why there is a residual impact in earnings. Furthermore, it helps set realistic expectations as to what can be achieved when trying to play the zero sum game of FX hedging. FX Initiative's Currency Risk Management Training covers balance sheet hedging in detail using Apple as an example to show how multinational corporations can hedge common exposures such as receivables and payables with forward contracts to mitigate foreign exchange gains and losses on the income statement. Our focus is on both the cash flow and financial reporting aspects of the hedge strategy, and we reinforce our teaching with visual displays of the economic and accounting ramifications. If you are interested in learning how to hedge FX balance sheet exposures, forecasted transactions, and net investments in foreign subsidiaries, start your training today and explore our real world examples of all three scenarios. Furthermore, you can use our FX Transaction Simulator and Foreign Subsidiary Consolidator to customize your own risk model using company specific variables that reflect your actual exposures. Our video based curriculum puts academic theory into practice, and can help you and your team deliver more effective bottom line results in a time efficient manner. Take the FX Initiative for your organization by subscribing here. Click here to subscribe > Cheers, The FX Initiative Team support@fxinitiative.com Related Posts CPE Webinar Invite: Balance Sheet Hedging Program Overview FX Initiative cordially invites you to attend our webinar on Balance Sheet Hedging on Thursday, March 11th 2021 at 11AM Pacific / 2PM Eastern. Join us and learn how to hedge FX receivables & payables and mitigate FX gains & losses. This Balance Sheet Hedging webinar will teach you how to hedge foreign exchange (FX) receivables and payables to mitigate FX gains and losses on the Income Statement. We will begin by defining the concept of a balance sheet hedge, and explore why is it often viewed as the foundation of many corporate FX risk management programs. We will break down the impact of how FX receivables and payables, which are known as underlying positions, produce FX gains and losses on the financial statements from mark-to-market accounting treatment. We will then explore how to offset those underlying FX gains and losses on the Income Statement by hedging with forward contracts to reduce periodic earnings volatility. Finally, we examine best practices for optimizing balance sheet hedges by considering details such as accounting booking rates, netting of exposures, and adjusting ... Webinar Series: Balance Sheet Hedging Program Overview FX Initiative cordially invites you to attend our webinar series. Join us and learn how to hedge FX receivables & payables and mitigate FX gains & losses. This Balance Sheet Hedging webinar will teach you how to hedge foreign exchange (FX) receivables and payables to mitigate FX gains and losses on the Income Statement. We will begin by defining the concept of a balance sheet hedge, and explore why is it often viewed as the foundation of many corporate FX risk management programs. We will break down the impact of how FX receivables and payables, which are known as underlying positions, produce FX gains and losses on the financial statements from mark-to-market accounting treatment. We will then explore how to offset those underlying FX gains and losses on the Income Statement by hedging with forward contracts to reduce periodic earnings volatility. Finally, we examine best practices for optimizing balance sheet hedges by considering details such as accounting booking rates, netting of exposures, and adjusting hedges as balances change from cash inflows and outflows. Learning Objectives Discover the concept of a ... Explore How To Forecast FX Rates Want to explore how to forecast FX rates? FX Initiative’s FX Market Overview course provides proven best practices and real world examples to help you forecast future exchange rate movements in the $5+ trillion daily FX market, the largest and most liquid market in the world. Get started with our foreign exchange risk management training, which provides 24/7 365 access to our complete suite of foreign exchange (FX) continuing professional education (CPE), examples and events at FXCPE.com. Start Training > Download the PDF Due Diligence & Distinguishing FX Derivatives Due diligence is a term that commonly applies to a business investigation, and it contributes significantly to informed decision making by assessing the costs, benefits, and risks of a transaction. As due diligence relates to foreign exchange (FX) risk management, firms can enhance their strategic decision making process by assessing the costs, benefits, and risks associated with currency derivatives, and recognizing their differences and similarities when hedging foreign currency transactions. At the highest level, currency derivatives are financial contracts between two parties whose value is derived from the exchange rate of one or more underlying currencies. FX risk management involves mitigating currency risk to an acceptable level by understanding when and how to hedge using FX derivatives to achieve FX objectives. The first part of the FX risk management decision making process is determining a firm’s FX hedging objectives and strategy for achieving those objectives. The two most common FX risk management hedging objectives are (1) minimizing foreign exchange gains and losses in earnings and (2) preserving cash flows. The most common currency derivatives used in practice are (1) forward contracts, ... Explore the powerful impact of professional development Professional development in the workplace often refers to required employee training in areas such as workplace safety, corporate policies, and industry specific rules and regulations. While this training is commonplace in the corporate setting, it rarely provides value add to the employee or organization in terms of job performance and customer success. FX Initiative's approach to professional development focuses on the employee first, and makes results personal and meaningful. We start by identifying knowledge gaps using our Pre-Test Evaluation, then we close those knowledge gaps with our on-demand educational videos, and we reinforce our learning concepts using real-world examples. Professionals tasked with foreign exchange risk management often know their goals and objectives, but struggle with how to achieve them due to lack of training. Without dedicating time to the learning process and practicing what you've learned, it seems unrealistic to expect positive bottom line results and achievement of plans. The organizations FX Initiative works with recognize that investing in quality training that directly relates to employee job responsibilities benefits both the employee and the bottom line. Not only are employees more knowledgeable ... Explore How the $5+ Trillion FX Market Works Are you curious how the $5+ Trillion foreign exchange (FX) market works? FX Initiative's FX Market Overview course is packed with valuable information and unique insights to get you up to speed on the fundamentals of the foreign exchange market. This 1 hour video program is eligible for continuing professional education (CPE) credit and covers the following 4 learning objectives in detail: Explore the concepts of Economic Globalization and International Trade. Discover how the foreign exchange market is evolving and how it operates. Identify the four main categories of foreign exchange market participants. Recognize how supply and demand impacts foreign exchange rates and forecasting. The following 5 minute introduction video from FX Initiative’s newly released course titled “FX Market Overview" shares the knowledge needed to understand the fundamentals of the foreign exchange market and to navigate information in a more efficient and effective manner in pursuit of accomplishing international business objectives. Want full access? Click to subscribe today! If you found this information insightful, become a FX Initiative subscriber today and access our complete suite of foreign exchange (FX) continuing professional education (CPE), ... Comments are closed.